Deuteronomy 4:42
That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:
Deuteronomy 4:42 · King James Version
Meaning
In this verse, the concept of cities of refuge is being discussed. These cities were designated in the Old Testament to provide a safe haven for individuals who unintentionally killed another person. The verse explains that if someone were to accidentally cause the death of another individual, they could flee to one of these cities for protection from potential retaliation by the victim's family or friends. The key point emphasized in this passage is that the act must have been unintentional, and the individual seeking refuge must not have had any previous ill will towards the person they harmed. By seeking refuge in one of these cities, the individual could live safely without fear of retribution. This provision highlights the importance of mercy, justice, and the protection of human life in the ancient Israelite society.
Theological Overview
Within this verse from the book of Deuteronomy, we see the provision made by God for unintentional acts of manslaughter. The concept of cities of refuge was introduced to prevent swift and hasty acts of revenge against someone who unintentionally caused the death of another. These cities were designated as safe havens where the individual could flee and be protected from avengers seeking retribution. The theological interpretation of this verse emphasizes God's mercy and justice, ensuring that even in the face of tragedy, there is a system in place to prevent further harm and promote reconciliation. The term "hated him not in times past" further underscores the importance of distinguishing between intentional and unintentional harm, emphasizing forgiveness and understanding in the midst of grief. Through this provision, God demonstrates His care for human life and His desire for peace and restoration within the community, highlighting the values of compassion and grace in difficult circumstances.
Deuteronomy 4:42 in other translations
American Standard Version
that the manslayer might flee thither, that slayeth his neighbor unawares, and hated him not in time past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:
World English Bible
that the man slayer might flee there, who kills his neighbor unawares, and didn’t hate him in time past; and that fleeing to one of these cities he might live:
Douay-Rheims
That any one might flee to them who should kill his neighbour unwillingly, and was not his enemy a day or two before, and that he might escape to some one of these cities:
Geneva Bible (1599)
That the slayer should flee thither, which had killed his neighbour at vnwares, and hated him not in time past, might flee, I say, vnto one of those cities, and liue: